Ramadan, the holiest month in Islam, is a time of deep spiritual reflection, fasting, and community prayers for Muslims worldwide. In 2025, Ramadan will be observed globally, with fasting durations varying from region to region. The period of fasting lasts from dawn (Suhoor) until sunset (Iftar), spanning anywhere between 12 to 16 hours, depending on geographical location.

Why Does Ramadan Start on Different Dates Every Year?

The Islamic calendar follows the lunar cycle, making it approximately 10 to 12 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar. As a result, Ramadan shifts earlier each year. In 2030, Ramadan will be observed twice—first beginning on January 5 and then again on December 26. This shifting cycle means that the length of daily fasting changes depending on the season.

Fasting Hours Around the World

The number of fasting hours varies depending on geographical location. Countries in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Chile and New Zealand, will experience shorter fasting durations, approximately 13 hours. In contrast, Northern Hemisphere countries like Iceland and Greenland will fast for over 16 hours during their longest days.

For those in the Northern Hemisphere, fasting hours will gradually decrease until 2031, when Ramadan coincides with the winter solstice—the shortest day of the year. Conversely, those in the Southern Hemisphere will see an increase in fasting hours until it aligns with the summer solstice.

Fasting Timings in Major Cities

Below is an estimated fasting duration in key global cities during Ramadan 2025. Timings may vary slightly based on calculation methods and the position of the moon:

16 hours: Nuuk (Greenland), Reykjavik (Iceland)

15 hours: Helsinki (Finland), Oslo (Norway), Stockholm (Sweden), Glasgow (Scotland)

14 hours: Berlin (Germany), Moscow (Russia), London (UK), Paris (France), Madrid (Spain), New York (USA), Ottawa (Canada), Beijing (China)

13 hours: Dubai (UAE), Cairo (Egypt), Islamabad (Pakistan), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Johannesburg (South Africa), Canberra (Australia), Christchurch (New Zealand)

Importance of Ramadan and the Spiritual Essence of Fasting

Muslims believe that Ramadan is the month in which the first verses of the Quran were revealed to Prophet Muhammad over 1,400 years ago. The fast involves abstinence from food, drink, smoking, and marital relations during daylight hours. Beyond physical restraint, fasting is a means of achieving "Taqwa"—a heightened consciousness of God. It is also a time for charity, prayer, and self-reflection.

Iftar and Suhoor: The Meals That Define the Day

Muslims begin their fast with Suhoor (pre-dawn meal) and break it with Iftar (evening meal). Traditional Iftar meals vary by region but often include dates, water, and wholesome foods to restore energy levels. Communal gatherings at mosques and homes emphasize the spirit of togetherness and generosity during this sacred month.

Global Ramadan Greetings and Traditions

Muslims worldwide exchange greetings such as "Ramadan Mubarak" and "Ramadan Kareem," meaning "Blessed Ramadan" and "Generous Ramadan" respectively. In various languages, these greetings take different forms:

Arabic: رمضان مبارك (Ramadan Mubarak)

Turkish: Ramazan Bayramınız Mübarek Olsun

Urdu: رمضان مبارک (Ramzan Mubarak)

Malay: Selamat Berpuasa

French: Ramadan Heureux

Different cultural traditions also mark the observance of Ramadan, from special night prayers (Taraweeh) in mosques to charity initiatives that provide meals for the needy.

A Month of Devotion and Reflection

Ramadan is more than just fasting; it is a period of spiritual renewal, increased worship, and communal solidarity. It is a time when Muslims seek forgiveness, perform charitable deeds, and strengthen their connection with God. Whether fasting for 12 or 16 hours, Muslims around the world share a common devotion to faith, discipline, and gratitude throughout this blessed month.